The population of the Médenine governorate is estimated at 453,200 (NSI 2009). It is characterized by a high urbanization rate (77.9 %) and a population density of 49.4 inhabitants per km2). Its active labor force is distributed in the following sectors: Agriculture and fishing (8.2 %), industry (8.0 %), public works and construction (18.4 %), services (46.5 %), civil service (17 %) et and mining and energy (0.9 %).

This governorate has 6 public and 29 private vocational training centers with a total capacity of 3,865 students. The courses offered by these centers cover skills required by the firms and tourism entities, such as electricity for industrial and sanitation equipment, central heating, clothes making, and special skills for the hotel and tourism trades.

In addition to its tourist aspect, the region has an agricultural potential based on arboriculture, livestock breeding and open-field farming. In fact, arboriculture accounts for 86.4% of all arable land, i.e. 198,366 hectares, 187,600 ha of which are planted with olive trees (yielding 56,000 tons of olives on average). Also, the region shelters 530,320 head of livestock (mostly sheep, cattle and camels) and 500,860 poultry. The average production of red meat is approx 7,040 tons /year. Furthermore, the region is also known for open-field cropping of cereals and cucurbitaceae, with 2,350 ha irrigated and 47,515 ha dry-farmed, on average.

With a coastline of 400 km, the Médenine region has a wealth of seafood and its annual output totals 16,186 tons, i.e. 16% of the national output. Moreover, this governorate boasts 2 aquaculture farms, some lake fishing (El Biban and Boughrara lakes), as well as natural sites abounding with clams.

The governorate has an emerging industrial fabric, with 115 industrial companies (providing 10 jobs or more), of which 6 are totally exporting. These industrial plants are active mostly in the sectors of agro industry, building materials, textiles and clothing.